How many vetoes did andrew jackson use

Heath and Company, Hammond, Bray. Edited by George Rogers Taylor, 10— Lamoreaux, Naomi. Remini, Robert V. Andrew Jackson and the Bank War. New York: Norton, The Life of Andrew Jackson.

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Bush 3 Obama 4 Trump Bush withheld his signature from two measures during intrasession recess periods H. The President withheld his signature from another measure during an intrasession recess period H.

This prevents the President from killing legislation through simple inaction. The exception is if Congress has adjourned before the 10 days are up--thereby preventing a possible return with a veto. In that case the legislation does not become law. This situation gives rise to what has been called a "pocket veto" --when the President does not return the leegislation to Congress, but simply does not act. In that case the bill does not become law.

During the 20th century controversy arose about the meaning of the word "adjournment" and the possibility for a pocket veto. Did this refer only to ajournment between Congresses "adjournment sine die" or between sessions, or did it refer to any break e. In general, now Congress can provide for an "appropriate officer" to receive a President's veto message, and opportunity for prompt consideration of an override vote. After the address, when Chief Justice John Marshall administered the oath of office to Jackson, the whole crowd cheered wildly.

The executive mansion had traditionally been kept open for the public to call on the President during inauguration day, but the sheer numbers on the day of Jackson's inauguration surpassed anything seen before. No one was prepared for it, and people grew impatient as they waited in line to meet Jackson. The lower floor of the White House filled to capacity, and then people began climbing over carpets and furniture in order to get even a glimpse of the new President.

Many in the crowd swarmed on waiters when they brought out drinks and ice cream, and the rush to be served resulted in thousands of dollars of broken china. Washington elites looked on the entire episode as evidence of a new era in American politics, and not necessarily a change for the better. The press of people overwhelmed even Jackson himself, and he escaped the mansion in the late afternoon to return to his hotel.

To read Andrew Jackson's inaugural address, click here. Calhoun suggests that his state of South Carolina annul the federally imposed protective cotton tariff. Jackson threatens to deploy federal troops to occupy the state in the event of nullification.

This discovery generates terse correspondence between the two. Congress passes the Indian Removal Act, sanctioning the forcible relocation of Creek, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, and Seminole tribes to land allotments west of the Mississippi river.

Ninety-four removal treaties follow the bill's enactment. From to , Cherokee and Creek are forcibly removed from the Southeast onto reservations. Jackson vetoes the Maysville Road bill, which would have sanctioned the federal government's purchase of stock for the creation of a road entirely within Kentucky, the home state of longtime foe Henry Clay.

Jackson regards the project as a local matter and thinks its funding should come from local sources. Jackson is not entirely opposed to the federal financing of such projects, supporting the allocation of federal monies for the National Road.

Nevertheless, his veto of the Maysville Road bill indicates a shift in how the federal government intends to pay for internal improvements. Meanwhile, opponents interpret the move as an abuse of power. The Indian Removal Act set the stage for the forced removals of the Cherokees, Creeks, and other southern Native American nations that took place during the s. President Jackson's annual message of December contained extensive remarks on the present and future state of American Indians in the United States.

His message contained many observations, assessments, and prejudices about Native Americans that had been widely held by American policy makers since Thomas Jefferson's presidency. Jackson observed that as white settlement in the east expanded, the range for Native American hunters diminished, and that this would gradually lead to their extinction. For their own good, American Indians needed to be resettled on vacant lands west of the Mississippi River, the President argued.

In Congress, debates on a bill that would authorize the removals that Jackson proposed began in late February The debates in both the Senate and the House were quite contentious. Those opposed to Jackson's plans had many reasons for concern. They felt for the Native American situation, and many pleaded eloquently for the inviolable nature of the Native American nations' sovereignty. They also did not want to alter the established practices of Native American treaty-making, and many did not like Jackson himself.

Generally, those opposed to the bill constituted the emerging anti-Jackson party. Officially, the Indian Removal Act did not directly remove any Native American communities; it simply provided for a government apparatus that made it much easier to do so.

The act allowed the President to exchange eastern Native American lands for unsettled western lands and grant the Native American nations involved full title to this new land. Officially, such exchanges would have take place through voluntary treaties with the Native Americans themselves.

To expedite matters, the federal government would pay all the costs involved; it would reimburse the Native Americans for any structures they had built on their lands, and subsidize the new Native American settlements in the West. This Indian Removal Act was Jackson's creature.

He worked behind the scenes to get his friends and allies appointed to the proper Congressional committees, in order to produce a bill congruent with his desires. The new law now fully committed the United States government to a policy of Native American removal, a policy that Jackson and his allies would bring to life in the latter years of his presidency. Members of Jackson's inner circle and their wives feud over accusations about the woman's alleged behavior.

Jackson supports the Eatons and is outraged by the charges. The French government agrees to a treaty settling spoliation claims by the United States dating back to the Napoleonic Wars. When U. It was one of the most definitive acts of his presidency. The Second Bank of the United States was created in the aftermath of the War of and had been controversial throughout its life.

Many people blamed the Bank for the Panic of , and Westerners and Southerners felt that the Bank in general, and its lending policies in particular, favored Northern interests over their own. Although most bankers believed that the Bank of the United States had helped stabilize the national money supply and thus the overall banking and commercial environment during the s, the Bank still had vociferous opponents, President Jackson foremost among them.